TMM
- biological determinism: the claim that worth can be assigned to individuals and groups by measuring intelligence as a single quantity
- craniometry (measurement of the skull) and certain types of psychological testing
- Determinists have often invoked the traditional prestige of science as objective knowledge, free from social or political taint
- groups in power
- both 2 and 3
- reification and ranking
- he writes that his book is about “the abstraction of intelligence as a single entity, its location in the brain, its quantification as one number for each individual, and the use of these numbers to rank people in a single series of worthiness” and how it usually finds that the oppressed are deserving of their status
- -influential and that scientists believed they were pursuing unsullied truth
- it takes the current status of groups as a measure of where they should and must be
PvF
- a widespread racial mixture made it difficult to divide people into pure white and pure black categories
- Tourgee wanted the Supreme Court to deem segregation laws as unconstitutional
- He was of mixed race and could have easily ridden in the white car without trouble
- Ferguson ruled in favor of Desdunes was riding on an interstate train and it was the federal governments power to regulate interstate commerce, Plessy was riding on an intrastate train so Louisiana had power over it and could uphold their segregation laws
- political rights are rights that we have in relation to the political entity that governs us, social rights are the rights we have in relation to other human beings in society and are not secured by law and civil rights occupy a middle ground by being nonpolitical rights of citizens in a certain country
- congress passes civil rights acts when it decides that some social rights are so important that they should receive legal protection
- it shifted the court of final appeal from the State to the Federal Supreme Court
- White butchers brought the Slaughter-House Cases to the Supreme Court
English 2089 